关于中国的新闻和资讯频繁见诸印度媒体报道之上，印度网友对中国日新月异的发展感到惊异，有人在问答网站Quora上问道：中国是如何发展成经济强国的，他们做对了什么？印度可以复制经验吗？这个问题引来各国网友的热议，他们意见不一，从发展差距到经济体制差异，我们看看各国专家的剖析和解答。
问题：中国突然变成了经济强国，他们做对了什么？印度可以吗？
美国专家戴维•托马斯的回答
We can dig some useful information from history to understand China. We can know that the reason for their success is that they have adopted the correct economic policy at the right time.
我们可以从历史当中挖掘一点有用的信息来了解中国，可以知道，他们成功的原因在于在适当的时间采取了正确的经济政策。
From the Song Dynasty to the middle and late Qing Dynasty, China has always been the economic center of the world. China has made great progress in technological development and is in a leading position in steel production and textile production. Through the Silk Road and maritime trade, China is a major trading partner of all countries in the world.
从宋朝时期到清中晚期，中国一直是世界的经济中心，中国在技术发展方面取得了长足进步，在钢铁生产、纺织生产方面处于领先地位，通过丝绸之路和海上贸易，是世界各国的主要贸易伙伴。
Since modern times, western capitalist powers have stepped into the imperialist period one after another. They ravaged China in order to open up the market and grab raw materials and capital, leading to China's fragmentation. This is the darkest period in Chinese history.
近代以来，西方资本主义强国纷纷步入帝国主义时期，他们为开拓市场，攫取原料和资本蹂躏中国，导致中国四分五裂，这是中国历史上最黑暗的时期。
After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he wisely joined the Soviet Camp, obtained great help from countries in the socialist camp, and initially established a comprehensive industrial system. However, there were many policy mistakes and detours during this period.
建国之后，明智地加入苏联阵营，获得来自社会主义阵营国家的巨大帮助，初步建立起门类较全的工业体系。但这一时期也出现了很多政策失误，走了许多弯路。
The positive significance of the period from 1950 to 1978 is that China has built a strong platform for the take-off of large-scale economic development in the future.
1950年至1978年这段时期的积极意义在于，中国为未来大规模经济发展的腾飞搭建了强大的平台。
In the late 1970s, China's economic policy changed suddenly, and the form of free economy began to be licensed to allow foreign direct investment. They have established the concept of taking economic construction as the center, and emerging enterprises and foreign direct investment continue to emerge and flow in.
七十年代末，中国的经济政策突然改变，自由经济形态开始获得许可，允许外国直接投资。他们建立了以经济建设为中心的理念，新兴企业和外国直接投资不断涌现和流入。
In this kind of economic development, inequality will increase in the initial stage, because there are a large number of cheap labor available. They have established export centers to promote trade, and they have created successful special economic zones such as Shenzhen and Zhuhai.
在这种经济发展中，初期会导致不平等加剧，因为有大量廉价劳动力可用，他们建立了出口中心以促进贸易，他们创建了深圳、珠海等成功发展起来的经济特区。
American and Japanese companies are allowed to build factories through large-scale foreign direct investment. At this stage, China focuses on borrowing the latest technology from these developed countries, prospering trade and setting a record high foreign exchange. They invest in infrastructure and human capital on a large scale. The one-child policy also helps to cope with the pressure of population surge.
美国和日本公司被允许通过大规模外国直接投资建厂，这一阶段中国集中精力从这些发达国家借用最新技术，繁荣贸易，外汇创历史新高，他们大规模投资于基础设施和人力资本，独生子女政策也有助于应对人口激增的压力。
Through export and trade, they have formulated the strategy of opening company centers overseas, which has played a dual role in promoting trade and obtaining raw materials from new regions such as Africa. Through export and trade, they have formulated the strategy of opening company centers overseas, which has played a dual role in promoting trade and obtaining raw materials from new regions such as Africa.
通过出口和贸易，他们制定了在海外开设公司中心的出海战略，这在促进贸易和从非洲等新地区获取原材料方面起到了双重作用。
China's system can ensure the rapid implementation and implementation of policies. Unlike India, there are constant party disputes, so the policies are paralyzed, interrupted and lack of strong implementation.
中国的体制可以保证政策的快速落地和实施，不像印度，党争不断，因此政策瘫痪、政策中断、缺乏强有力的执行。
China has once again focused its development on human capital, taking into account efficiency equality and quality control, as well as the creation of domestic needs. The five-year plan allows the country to always achieve its goals steadily.
中国再次把发展重点放在人力资本、兼顾效率平等和质量控制以及本国内需的创造上，五年计划让这个国家总是可以稳步达到自己的目标。
Have you noticed China's macroeconomic fundamentals? During the global recession in 2008, the average unemployment rate rose to 29%, but China has now recovered quickly, only 4%.
注意到中国的宏观经济基本面了吗？2008年全球经济衰退期间，平均失业率上升到29%，但中国现在很快就恢复了，只有4%。
印度网友阿肖克的回答
Let's start with Japan.
我们先从日本说起。
In the 1980s, Japan's economy grew crazily, with an average annual growth rate of 10% - 15%, which was unmatched by other countries. Japan replaced the United States as the world's largest creditor country, and Japan made cars, electronic products, machine hardware and other products all over the world.
20世纪八十年代，日本经济疯狂增长，年均10%—15%的增速令其他国家难以望其项背，日本取代美国成为世界上最大的债权国，日本制造的汽车、电子产品、机器硬件等产品充斥全球。
At that time, Japan had the highest per capita GDP and disposable income in the world. College graduates had countless job opportunities as soon as they left school. Ordinary white-collar workers could easily buy an apartment in Tokyo.
彼时的日本是世界人均GDP和可支配收入最高的国家，大学毕业生一出校门就有无数的工作机会，普通白领轻轻松松就可以在东京买一套公寓。
The economic scale of US $4.9 trillion is second only to the United States, and it is only one step away from the US $7 trillion GDP. Almost every "expert" is predicting that Japan's economy will surpass the United States in a few years
4.9万亿美元的经济规模仅次于美国，距离美国7万亿美元的生产总值也仅是一步之遥，几乎每一位“专家”都在预测日本经济将在几年之后超过美国…
The crazy expansion of Japanese capital made Americans exclaim that "Japan will occupy the United States peacefully!"
日本资本疯狂扩张的脚步，令美国人惊呼“日本将和平占领美国！”
But we all know what happened later. A piece of "Plaza Agreement" made Japan enter the "lost 20 years", and its economic development has stagnated since then. But the pressure of the United States is not the root cause of Japan's recession. What's wrong?
但我们都知道后面发生了什么，一纸《广场协议》让日本进入了“失去的二十年”，经济发展从此停滞。但美国的施压并不是日本衰退的根本原因，究竟是什么在作怪呢？
The root is that after the Japanese real estate bubble burst, unemployment became the norm of the society. The huge economic pressure left young people breathless. Compared with married children, Japanese young people love to be single.
根源在于日本房地产经济泡沫破灭之后，失业成为这个社会的常态，巨大的经济压力让年轻人喘不过气来，与结婚生子相比，日本年轻人更喜欢单身。
About 30% of Japanese never married. Therefore, the population began to age rapidly and even began to decline sharply. The problem is that in order to achieve economic prosperity and revitalization, the society needs to continuously provide young and innovative labor force, but at that time, Japan was basically unavailable.
大约30%的日本人从不结婚，因此，人口开始迅速老龄化，甚至开始大幅下降，问题是，为了实现经济繁荣和振兴，社会需要不断提供年轻、有创新能力的劳动力，可当时的日本基本已经无人可用了。
Therefore, in the 1990s, Japan entered a stage of great stagnation, which means that it has almost no growth in the past 30 years. Today, its economy is still hovering around $5 trillion.
因此，在20世纪90年代，日本进入了一个大停滞阶段，这意味着它在过去30年里几乎没有增长，时至今日，它的经济仍然徘徊在5万亿美元左右。
In the 1980s, Japan's economic scale was 50 times that of China. Ironically, compared with today's Japan, China's economic scale was three times that of Japan. In only 40 years, many things changed.
20世纪80年代，日本的经济规模是中国的50倍，讽刺的是，与今天的日本相比，中国的经济规模是日本的3倍，仅仅四十年，攻守之势易也。
Like Japan, every country has its weaknesses. But so far, China has done much better in economic and social development than India.
和日本一样，每个国家都有其软肋。但到目前为止，中国在经济社会发展上的作为确实比印度要好得多。
1. So far, China's economic scale is about US $17.7 trillion, while India's economic scale is US $2.9 trillion, nearly six times that of India.
1.目前为止，中国的经济规模约为17.7万亿美元，而印度的经济规模为2.9万亿美元，是印度的将近六倍。
2. India's foreign exchange reserves are US $631.9 billion and China's are US $3.2 trillion. China's foreign exchange reserves are five times that of India.
2.印度的外汇储备为6319亿美元，中国为3.2万亿美元，中国的外汇储备是印度的5倍。
3. With strong infrastructure, China has become a powerful country in manufacturing and export, with a total trade volume of more than 6 trillion US dollars.
3.中国拥有强大的基础设施，已经成为制造业和出口业的强国，贸易总额突破6万亿美元。
So far, China is much higher than India in any relevant economic field.
到目前为止，任何相关的经济领域，中国都远远高于印度。
But China's population is also aging rapidly and its talent pool is shrinking, so what happens in Japan is likely to happen in China.
可中国的人口也在老龄化，人才库也在萎缩，所以发生在日本的事情很可能会发生在中国。
When my Indian compatriots said "even in a dream, India will never defeat China", I couldn't help laughing. Once upon a time, Venezuela was a developed country and Norway was a poor country. The world changed too fast. It didn't take much time to get rich from scratch.
当我的印度同胞说“即使在梦中，印度也永远无法打败中国”时，我不禁笑了。曾几何时，委内瑞拉是发达国家，而挪威是穷国，这个世界变化太快，从白手起家到发家致富不需要很多时间。
At present, India's potential growth is severely restrained by corruption, excessive government control, pro socialist policies, hostile neighbors such as Pakistan and poor education system, but the situation is improving.
目前，印度的潜在增长受到腐败、政府过度控制、倾向社会主义的政策、巴基斯坦等敌对邻国和糟糕的教育体系的严重抑制，但情况正在好转。
It is not impossible for India to become the third or second largest economy in the world in the next 20 years. Time will tell us whether India will leave China behind. The only thing I can say is that it is not impossible.
印度在未来20年内成为世界第三或第二大经济体并非不可能，时间会告诉我们印度是否会把中国甩在后面，我唯一能说的是这不是不可能。
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